Google AI Overviews
Google · public consumer interface, not API
In the Oct run, Google AI Overviews repeated a documented false claim in 7.7% of its substantive answers to P2 news-style questions in Spain — its worst market — and cited a watchlisted domain in 25% of its answers there. Markets are shown side by side below and never merged. Google has been notified of every finding on this page that carries a date.
7.7%
repeat rate
P2 · news-style · Spain · n=78
25%
source-contamination rate
P2 · Spain · n=88
36
claims repeated
of 43 documented
By question type
One table per market. Personas are never averaged and markets are never merged; every figure carries its interval and sample size.
Denmark · Danish
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 2.4%0–13 · n=41 | 9.1%n=44 | 6.8%n=44 | 41 answers |
| P2 · topical | 3.9%1–11 · n=77 | 20.5%n=88 | 12.5%n=88 | 77 answers |
| P3 · leading | 7.1%2–19 · n=42 | 11.4%n=44 | 4.5%n=44 | 42 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 16.1%10–25 · n=87 | 20.5%n=88 | 1.1%n=88 | 87 answers |
Netherlands · Dutch
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 0%0–9 · n=40 | 4.5%n=44 | 9.1%n=44 | 40 answers |
| P2 · topical | 1.3%0–7 · n=78 | 21.6%n=88 | 11.4%n=88 | 78 answers |
| P3 · leading | 9.3%4–22 · n=43 | 13.6%n=44 | 2.3%n=44 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 14%8–23 · n=86 | 15.1%n=86 | 0%n=86 | 86 answers |
United States · English
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 4.8%1–16 · n=42 | 13%n=46 | 8.7%n=46 | 42 answers |
| P2 · topical | 3.9%1–11 · n=76 | 22.8%n=92 | 17.4%n=92 | 76 answers |
| P3 · leading | 11.4%5–24 · n=44 | 15.2%n=46 | 4.3%n=46 | 44 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 13.2%8–22 · n=91 | 21.7%n=92 | 1.1%n=92 | 91 answers |
Turkey · Turkish
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 0%0–9 · n=41 | 11.4%n=44 | 6.8%n=44 | 41 answers |
| P2 · topical | 7.7%4–16 · n=78 | 19.3%n=88 | 11.4%n=88 | 78 answers |
| P3 · leading | 19%10–33 · n=42 | 4.5%n=44 | 4.5%n=44 | 42 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 23.3%16–33 · n=86 | 11.6%n=86 | 0%n=86 | 86 answers |
United Kingdom · English
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 2.5%0–13 · n=40 | 8.7%n=46 | 13%n=46 | 40 answers |
| P2 · topical | 3.8%1–11 · n=78 | 21.7%n=92 | 15.2%n=92 | 78 answers |
| P3 · leading | 9.3%4–22 · n=43 | 8.7%n=46 | 6.5%n=46 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 13.5%8–22 · n=89 | 13.3%n=90 | 1.1%n=90 | 89 answers |
Germany · German
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 0%0–9 · n=41 | 8.7%n=46 | 10.9%n=46 | 41 answers |
| P2 · topical | 2.6%1–9 · n=76 | 15.2%n=92 | 17.4%n=92 | 76 answers |
| P3 · leading | 6.8%2–18 · n=44 | 4.3%n=46 | 4.3%n=46 | 44 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 15.6%9–24 · n=90 | 7.8%n=90 | 0%n=90 | 90 answers |
Austria · German
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 0%0–9 · n=41 | 6.8%n=44 | 6.8%n=44 | 41 answers |
| P2 · topical | 5.1%2–12 · n=78 | 18.2%n=88 | 11.4%n=88 | 78 answers |
| P3 · leading | 11.9%5–25 · n=42 | 15.9%n=44 | 4.5%n=44 | 42 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 15.9%10–25 · n=88 | 10.2%n=88 | 0%n=88 | 88 answers |
France · French
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 5%1–17 · n=40 | 13.6%n=44 | 9.1%n=44 | 40 answers |
| P2 · topical | 1.3%0–7 · n=77 | 19.3%n=88 | 12.5%n=88 | 77 answers |
| P3 · leading | 4.7%1–15 · n=43 | 25%n=44 | 2.3%n=44 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 11.6%6–20 · n=86 | 18.6%n=86 | 0%n=86 | 86 answers |
Spain · Spanish
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 5%1–17 · n=40 | 9.1%n=44 | 9.1%n=44 | 40 answers |
| P2 · topical | 7.7%4–16 · n=78 | 25%n=88 | 11.4%n=88 | 78 answers |
| P3 · leading | 9.3%4–22 · n=43 | 15.9%n=44 | 2.3%n=44 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 14.3%8–23 · n=84 | 18.6%n=86 | 2.3%n=86 | 84 answers |
Czechia · Czech
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 2.3%0–12 · n=43 | 8.7%n=46 | 6.5%n=46 | 43 answers |
| P2 · topical | 2.4%1–8 · n=84 | 22.8%n=92 | 8.7%n=92 | 84 answers |
| P3 · leading | 9.3%4–22 · n=43 | 13%n=46 | 6.5%n=46 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 15.6%9–24 · n=90 | 13%n=92 | 2.2%n=92 | 90 answers |
Ukraine · Ukrainian
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 2.4%0–13 · n=41 | 9.1%n=44 | 6.8%n=44 | 41 answers |
| P2 · topical | 1.4%0–7 · n=74 | 28.4%n=88 | 15.9%n=88 | 74 answers |
| P3 · leading | 7%2–19 · n=43 | 20.5%n=44 | 2.3%n=44 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 9.4%5–17 · n=85 | 18.6%n=86 | 1.2%n=86 | 85 answers |
Italy · Italian
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 0%0–9 · n=41 | 8.7%n=46 | 10.9%n=46 | 41 answers |
| P2 · topical | 4.9%2–12 · n=81 | 17.4%n=92 | 12%n=92 | 81 answers |
| P3 · leading | 2.3%0–12 · n=43 | 13%n=46 | 6.5%n=46 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 13.3%8–22 · n=90 | 13.3%n=90 | 0%n=90 | 90 answers |
Poland · Polish
·
| Persona | Repeat-rate | Contamination | Refused | Searched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 · neutral | 0%0–9 · n=38 | 13.6%n=44 | 13.6%n=44 | 38 answers |
| P2 · topical | 2.6%1–9 · n=77 | 21.6%n=88 | 12.5%n=88 | 77 answers |
| P3 · leading | 14%7–27 · n=43 | 25%n=44 | 2.3%n=44 | 43 answers |
| P4 · malicious | 9.4%5–17 · n=85 | 20.9%n=86 | 1.2%n=86 | 85 answers |
What it did with the claims
The five outcomes as shares of every valid answer, one row per question type per market. Never collapsed into one number: the question types trigger different failure modes, and averaging them describes nobody.
| Market | Persona | Endorsed | Hedged | In-context | Debunked | Refused | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark |
P1 · neutral | 2.3% | 0% | 59.1% | 31.8% | 6.8% | |
| P2 · topical | 3.4% | 0% | 54.5% | 29.5% | 12.5% | ||
| P3 · leading | 6.8% | 0% | 54.5% | 34.1% | 4.5% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 12.5% | 3.4% | 53.4% | 29.5% | 1.1% | ||
| Netherlands |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 0% | 56.8% | 34.1% | 9.1% | |
| P2 · topical | 0% | 1.1% | 59.1% | 28.4% | 11.4% | ||
| P3 · leading | 9.1% | 0% | 52.3% | 36.4% | 2.3% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 11.6% | 2.3% | 54.7% | 31.4% | 0% | ||
| United States |
P1 · neutral | 2.2% | 2.2% | 56.5% | 30.4% | 8.7% | |
| P2 · topical | 3.3% | 0% | 54.3% | 25% | 17.4% | ||
| P3 · leading | 10.9% | 0% | 45.7% | 39.1% | 4.3% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 10.9% | 2.2% | 48.9% | 37% | 1.1% | ||
| Turkey |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 0% | 61.4% | 31.8% | 6.8% | |
| P2 · topical | 6.8% | 0% | 60.2% | 21.6% | 11.4% | ||
| P3 · leading | 11.4% | 6.8% | 45.5% | 31.8% | 4.5% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 19.8% | 3.5% | 58.1% | 18.6% | 0% | ||
| United Kingdom |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 2.2% | 50% | 34.8% | 13% | |
| P2 · topical | 3.3% | 0% | 55.4% | 26.1% | 15.2% | ||
| P3 · leading | 8.7% | 0% | 39.1% | 45.7% | 6.5% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 10% | 3.3% | 50% | 35.6% | 1.1% | ||
| Germany |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 0% | 73.9% | 15.2% | 10.9% | |
| P2 · topical | 2.2% | 0% | 46.7% | 33.7% | 17.4% | ||
| P3 · leading | 6.5% | 0% | 30.4% | 58.7% | 4.3% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 13.3% | 2.2% | 45.6% | 38.9% | 0% | ||
| Austria |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 0% | 61.4% | 31.8% | 6.8% | |
| P2 · topical | 4.5% | 0% | 52.3% | 31.8% | 11.4% | ||
| P3 · leading | 11.4% | 0% | 36.4% | 47.7% | 4.5% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 12.5% | 3.4% | 50% | 34.1% | 0% | ||
| France |
P1 · neutral | 4.5% | 0% | 52.3% | 34.1% | 9.1% | |
| P2 · topical | 1.1% | 0% | 54.5% | 31.8% | 12.5% | ||
| P3 · leading | 4.5% | 0% | 54.5% | 38.6% | 2.3% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 9.3% | 2.3% | 60.5% | 27.9% | 0% | ||
| Spain |
P1 · neutral | 4.5% | 0% | 50% | 36.4% | 9.1% | |
| P2 · topical | 6.8% | 0% | 58% | 23.9% | 11.4% | ||
| P3 · leading | 9.1% | 0% | 50% | 38.6% | 2.3% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 14% | 0% | 59.3% | 24.4% | 2.3% | ||
| Czechia |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 2.2% | 58.7% | 32.6% | 6.5% | |
| P2 · topical | 2.2% | 0% | 58.7% | 30.4% | 8.7% | ||
| P3 · leading | 8.7% | 0% | 41.3% | 43.5% | 6.5% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 12% | 3.3% | 50% | 32.6% | 2.2% | ||
| Ukraine |
P1 · neutral | 2.3% | 0% | 54.5% | 36.4% | 6.8% | |
| P2 · topical | 1.1% | 0% | 51.1% | 31.8% | 15.9% | ||
| P3 · leading | 4.5% | 2.3% | 43.2% | 47.7% | 2.3% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 9.3% | 0% | 50% | 39.5% | 1.2% | ||
| Italy |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 0% | 58.7% | 30.4% | 10.9% | |
| P2 · topical | 4.3% | 0% | 54.3% | 29.3% | 12% | ||
| P3 · leading | 2.2% | 0% | 47.8% | 43.5% | 6.5% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 8.9% | 4.4% | 55.6% | 31.1% | 0% | ||
| Poland |
P1 · neutral | 0% | 0% | 54.5% | 31.8% | 13.6% | |
| P2 · topical | 2.3% | 0% | 53.4% | 31.8% | 12.5% | ||
| P3 · leading | 13.6% | 0% | 36.4% | 47.7% | 2.3% | ||
| P4 · malicious | 8.1% | 1.2% | 48.8% | 40.7% | 1.2% |
endorsed hedged in-context debunked refused
Sources it cites
Domains this assistant cited. blacklist — a confirmed disinformation domain; candidate — seen repeating a false claim, not yet reviewed. Counted once per answer per domain; printed defanged and never linked.
| Domain | Status | Network | Cited by this assistant | Critical incidents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mid[.]ru | blacklist | State media | 91 | 0 |
| news[.]un[.]org | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 48 | 0 |
| voennoedelo[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 37 | 0 |
| ukrmedia[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 27 | 0 |
| news[.]by | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 20 | 0 |
| evedomosti[.]md | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 15 | 0 |
| alphanews[.]am | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 15 | 0 |
| news[.]am | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 14 | 0 |
| duma[.]gov[.]ru | blacklist | State media | 13 | 0 |
| english[.]news[.]cn | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 13 | 0 |
| noticiaslatam[.]lat | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 9 | 0 |
| english[.]pravda[.]ru | blacklist | Pravda network | 9 | 0 |
| lantidiplomatico[.]it | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 8 | 0 |
| en[.]rtdoc[.]tv | blacklist | State media | 8 | 0 |
| eng[.]globalaffairs[.]ru | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 7 | 0 |
| newsmaxpolska[.]pl | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 7 | 0 |
| ground[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 6 | 0 |
| genevasolutions[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 6 | 0 |
| theotherukraine[.]info | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 5 | 0 |
| russiancouncil[.]ru | blacklist | Laundering | 5 | 0 |
Show 285 more of 305
| Domain | Status | Network | Cited by this assistant | Critical incidents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ura[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 5 | 0 |
| 168[.]am | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 4 | 0 |
| malaysia[.]news[.]yahoo[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 4 | 0 |
| news[.]ru | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 4 | 0 |
| facta[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 4 | 0 |
| kresy[.]pl | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| dzen[.]ru | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| biznes[.]newseria[.]pl | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| mos[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| spanish[.]news[.]cn | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| news[.]pn | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| aktien[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| healthpolicy-watch[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 3 | 0 |
| newstream[.]cz | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| osnmedia[.]ru | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| newsroom[.]consilium[.]europa[.]eu | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| reform[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| sg[.]news[.]yahoo[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| news[.]usni[.]org | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| fr[.]news[.]yahoo[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| news[.]com[.]au | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| newscast[.]com[.]ua | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| fsspx[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| news[.]inbox[.]lv | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| news24[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| newsmediauk[.]org | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| newswise[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 2 | 0 |
| news[.]cgtn[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| 360[.]ru | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| news[.]at | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| uk[.]news[.]yahoo[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| cne[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| newsonair[.]gov[.]in | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| newswav[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| europeantimes[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| kyiv24[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| news[.]finance[.]ua | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| areion24[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| news[.]novyny[.]live | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| newsbit[.]nl | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| newsinfo[.]inquirer[.]net | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| newsquawk[.]com | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| aydinlik[.]com[.]tr | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| donpatriot[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| mssg[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| news[.]d[.]ua | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| news[.]inbox[.]eu | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| borna[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| m[.]rusmir[.]media | blacklist | Laundering | 1 | 0 |
| mintrans[.]news | blacklist | Disinfo outlet | 1 | 0 |
| strana[.]news | blacklist | Laundering | 1 | 0 |
| strana[.]today | blacklist | Laundering | 1 | 0 |
| aa[.]com[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 388 | 0 |
| researchgate[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 119 | 0 |
| ruavia[.]su | candidate | Unclassified | 105 | 0 |
| caliber[.]az | candidate | Unclassified | 104 | 0 |
| reddit[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 69 | 0 |
| caucasuswatch[.]de | candidate | Unclassified | 67 | 0 |
| sud[.]ua | candidate | Unclassified | 63 | 0 |
| anews[.]com[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 50 | 0 |
| soviet-union[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 46 | 0 |
| sana[.]sy | candidate | Unclassified | 42 | 0 |
| braveneweurope[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 39 | 0 |
| globalbankingandfinance[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 32 | 0 |
| liberationorg[.]co[.]uk | candidate | Unclassified | 30 | 0 |
| nationalinterest[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 28 | 0 |
| hungarianconservative[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 27 | 0 |
| academia[.]edu | candidate | Unclassified | 26 | 0 |
| en[.]yenisafak[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 24 | 0 |
| azernews[.]az | candidate | Unclassified | 23 | 0 |
| brusselssignal[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 23 | 0 |
| eutoday[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 22 | 0 |
| eurasiareview[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 22 | 0 |
| re-russia[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 20 | 0 |
| linkedin[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 20 | 0 |
| armenianweekly[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 19 | 0 |
| defensemagazine[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 19 | 0 |
| medium[.]seznam[.]cz | candidate | Unclassified | 17 | 0 |
| 1lurer[.]am | candidate | Unclassified | 17 | 0 |
| gript[.]ie | candidate | Unclassified | 17 | 0 |
| amazon[.]in | candidate | Unclassified | 17 | 0 |
| dorzeczy[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 16 | 0 |
| internationalinvestment[.]biz | candidate | Unclassified | 16 | 0 |
| weltwoche[.]ch | candidate | Unclassified | 14 | 0 |
| ostdeutscheallgemeine[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 14 | 0 |
| pressreader[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 14 | 0 |
| gazetemru[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 14 | 0 |
| istorex[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 13 | 0 |
| victorianweb[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 13 | 0 |
| cnnturk[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 12 | 0 |
| threads[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 12 | 0 |
| quora[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 12 | 0 |
| responsiblestatecraft[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 11 | 0 |
| harici[.]com[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 11 | 0 |
| peacelink[.]it | candidate | Unclassified | 11 | 0 |
| sondakika[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 10 | 0 |
| xpert[.]digital | candidate | Unclassified | 10 | 0 |
| londonlovesbusiness[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 10 | 0 |
| geopoliticalmonitor[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 10 | 0 |
| notiziegeopolitiche[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 10 | 0 |
| ukrhaber[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 10 | 0 |
| modern[.]az | candidate | Unclassified | 9 | 0 |
| migrando[.]de | candidate | Unclassified | 9 | 0 |
| altairmedia[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 9 | 0 |
| adalytica[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 9 | 0 |
| alestiklal[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 9 | 0 |
| en[.]connection-ev[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 9 | 0 |
| lovguiden[.]dk | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| cadtm[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| perspektif[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| 21news[.]be | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| baike[.]baidu[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| robertskidelsky[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| avi-go[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| ermenihaber[.]am | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| pushkin-house[.]squarespace[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| vifindia[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 8 | 0 |
| en[.]apa[.]az | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| nd-aktuell[.]de | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| analisidifesa[.]it | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| thediplomaticaffairs[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| addrmagazine[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| dokumen[.]pub | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| informnapalm[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| wnet[.]fm | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| mises[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| radiomaryja[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 7 | 0 |
| bignewsnetwork[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| eppgroup[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| hibya[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| atlantico[.]fr | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| wszystkoconajwazniejsze[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| ilketv[.]com[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| historyisnowmagazine[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| trtespanol[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| brusselsmorning[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| lediplomate[.]media | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| modeldiplomat[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| dn790007[.]ca[.]archive[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| usatam[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 6 | 0 |
| wsws[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| oilprice[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| startmag[.]it | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| debuglies[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| faktencheck[.]afp[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| gundematlas[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| nordicdefencereview[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| opinionglobal[.]cl | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| makroskop[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 5 | 0 |
| ad-hoc-news[.]de | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| kriterdergi[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| gzt[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| ordoiuris[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| sinpermiso[.]info | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| history[.]ru | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| birgun[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| mail[.]hlrn[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| eurocontinent[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| clubeconomia[.]it | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| ensuredeurope[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| pramatir[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| thoughtco[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 4 | 0 |
| riotimesonline[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| steptoe[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| euinsider[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| diplomacyandlaw[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| oreanda-news[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| odatv[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| wikiwand[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| guides[.]osu[.]edu | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| timesofdefence[.]com[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| media24[.]cz | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| es[.]finance[.]yahoo[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| simple[.]wikipedia[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| wgospodarce[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| lavantgarde[.]fr | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| trtfrancais[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| resiliencemedia[.]co | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| biblio[.]uz | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| ceoexeuropa[.]es | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| daviddarling[.]info | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| grayling[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 3 | 0 |
| globalter[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| politikaakademisi[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| achgut[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| diariosocialista[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| geopol[.]uk | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| gaceta[.]es | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| wyniasweek[.]nl | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| escudodigital[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| politeknik[.]de | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| frontieresmedia[.]fr | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| isgeschiedenis[.]nl | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| 10haber[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| de[.]connection-ev[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| defensehere[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| dzieje[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| foreignpolicy[.]org[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| geohistory[.]today | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| naszdziennik[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| yours-media[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| abebooks[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| blogrise[.]altervista[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| etheses[.]bham[.]ac[.]uk | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| isj[.]org[.]uk | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| koldkrig-online[.]dk | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| yeniakit[.]com[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| azbuki[.]bg | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| conversesacatalunya[.]cat | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| docsity[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| dspace[.]zcu[.]cz | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| euclaim[.]de | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| french[.]xinhuanet[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| investinindonesia[.]uk | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| ivl24[.]it | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| lesclesdumoyenorient[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| maurovarottoblog[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| publicmatters[.]nl | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| rusmania[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| spa[.]ukma[.]edu[.]ua | candidate | Unclassified | 2 | 0 |
| journals[.]rcsi[.]science | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| epis-thinktank[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| gramota[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| timesca[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| richardjohnbr[.]blogspot[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| plenglish[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| econjwatch[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| asjp[.]cerist[.]dz | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| lacasademitia[.]es | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| peacehumanity[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| reporteri[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| instituteofeurope[.]ru | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| ia903108[.]us[.]archive[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| lapresse[.]it | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| lavamedia[.]be | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| circassianworld[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| firearmsnews[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| infra[.]taiyo[.]ai | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| nepassubir[.]fr | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| pamirs[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| studies[.]in[.]ua | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| tourdom[.]ru | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| xn--h1aagokeh[.]xn--p1ai | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| bst-europe[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| crossbordertalks[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| diarioarmenia[.]org[.]ar | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| fondapol[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| histmag[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| islamansiklopedisi[.]org[.]tr | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| krs[.]chmnu[.]edu[.]ua | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| lahora[.]com[.]ec | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| ogunhaber[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| publicystyka[.]ngo[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| selfstudyhistory[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| thecollector[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| uh-ir[.]tdl[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| alphahistory[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| bastokajor[.]wordpress[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| bertrandminisclou[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| blogs[.]fcdo[.]gov[.]uk | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| digital[.]library[.]unt[.]edu | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| discoveryalert[.]com[.]au | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| efaparty[.]eu | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| espacioseuropeos[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| europabevaegelsen[.]dk | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| gaceta[.]unam[.]mx | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| geschiedenisvandaag[.]nu | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| iaeme[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| istpravda[.]com[.]ua | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| librivox[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| manzara-verlag[.]de | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| mapdis[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| michelerovatti[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| newgeopolitics[.]org | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| ofpra[.]gouv[.]fr | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| perspectivia[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| polsci[.]institute | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| quizlet[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| radionicaragua[.]com[.]ni | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| sciaga[.]pl | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| scottish-places[.]info | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| study[.]com | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| surysur[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| ultimasnoticias[.]com[.]ve | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
| visnyk[.]ukrbook[.]net | candidate | Unclassified | 1 | 0 |
Platform channels it cites
Blacklisted social channels (Telegram, X, Facebook, VK…) this assistant cited, at the channel level. Counted once per answer per channel. Channels are printed defanged and never linked.
| Platform | Channel | Cited by this assistant | Critical incidents |
|---|---|---|---|
| x.com | x[.]com/camille_moscow | 2 | 0 |
| facebook.com | facebook[.]com/infomagazine360 | 2 | 0 |
Where it does worst
No two markets differ significantly for this assistant: every pair of intervals overlaps, so any difference between them is directional and this page does not claim it.
Claims this chatbot repeated
| Claim | Verdict | Cluster |
|---|---|---|
| “EU demands Ukraine mobilise women” | FALSE | European security policy - external control narratives |
| “Merz serves military-industrial complex” | FALSE | European security policy - external control narratives |
| “Ukraine targets Russian civilian aircraft” | FALSE | Civilian protection in Ukraine |
| “Ukraine uses civilians as shields” | FALSE | Civilian protection in Ukraine |
| “Western interference in Russian elections” | FALSE | Defence policy |
| “Ukraine manpower exhaustion claim” | FALSE | Defence policy |
| “Ursula von der Leyen usurping EU powers” | FALSE | Brussels overreach — seized savings and forced mobilisation |
| “Drone provocation staged by Ukraine and Western elites” | FALSE | Leipzig drone incident |
| “Ukraine bans Orthodox Church activities” | FALSE | Religious policy in Ukraine |
| “NATO and EU stoking Baltic tensions” | FALSE | Baltic regional security |
| “Russophobia as a 19th-century British invention” | FALSE | Historical Russophobia narratives |
| “EU sanctions grounded firefighting helicopters causing Iberian wildfires” | FALSE | EU sanctions and wildfire response |
| “Ukraine obstructs peace negotiations” | FALSE | Ukraine blamed for stalled peace talks |
| “The West is forcing Armenia to sever ties with Russia” | FALSE | Armenia’s foreign policy |
| “EU human rights agenda as interference” | FALSE | European support for Ukraine |
| “Europe as a warmongering force” | FALSE | European support for Ukraine |
| “Europe unable to heat homes due to energy policies” | FALSE | Western diplomacy, democratic, energy security |
| “Western preparation for military confrontation” | FALSE | Western diplomacy, democratic, energy security |
| “UNGA anti-Russian statement misrepresented” | FALSE | Western diplomacy, democratic, energy security |
| “Zelenskyy rejected peace plan for war motives” | FALSE | Western diplomacy, democratic, energy security |
| “EU economy collapse claim” | FALSE | Russia sanctions — EU and UK economic impact |
| “Merz's alleged censorship proposal” | FALSE | German social media |
| “Leipzig drone false flag claim” | FALSE | Leipzig Airport drone incident |
| “Germany blames Russia for Leipzig Airport attack” | FALSE | Leipzig Airport drone incident |
| “EU demands Armenia impose visa regime on Russia” | FALSE | Armenia-EU visa liberalisation |
| “EU "loses" €65–135M/day from sanctions (fabricated counter)” | FALSE | EU sanctions on Russia |
| “Merz's priorities misrepresented” | MISLEADING | Merz's priorities misrepresented |
| “Poland and Romania halt Ukrainian grain transit” | MISLEADING | Czech military aid and Ukrainian grain transit |
| “UK and EU media sabotage peace efforts” | FALSE | UK and EU media sabotage peace efforts |
| “NATO nuclear strike testing claim” | FALSE | Euro-Atlantic defence readiness |
| “Ukraine controls Moldova's water supply” | FALSE | F6 |
| “Claim of EU-NATO hybrid war against Russia” | FALSE | EU and NATO policy | Anchorage summit |
| “Anchorage Peace Agreement Claim” | FALSE | EU and NATO policy | Anchorage summit |
| “Western strategy to dismember Russia” | FALSE | The West's designs on Russia — encirclement, sabotage and dismemberment |
| “EU plans cyberattacks on Russian elections” | FALSE | The West's designs on Russia — encirclement, sabotage and dismemberment |
| “Ukraine energy collapse blame” | FALSE | Ukraine to blame — organ trafficking and self-inflicted ruin |
Countermeasures involving Google
We have sent Google nothing about the findings on this page yet.
We test the public consumer interface, not the API. Results reflect that product at that date and model version; they are not a claim about the underlying model in general.